Detecting of Iraqi Water Contamination with Mineral Oils Using Laser Spectroscopy

Abstract

Absorption, fluorescence, and reflection techniques are crucial for analyzing minerals and their compounds in water. The fluorescence method detects mineral oil pollution by exciting molecules at specific wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet regions. Optical absorption techniques measure the absorption spectra of dissolved elements at various concentrations, simulating changes in the Tigris River's water levels. Reflected rays from contaminated surfaces are analyzed using a spectrometer to determine slick thickness, providing a cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. High-resolution data on dissolved elements and floating oil spills were obtained, with laboratory tests covering a broad wavelength range (200-800 nm) for accurate detection of low concentrations. Contaminants identified from Tigris River samples include nitrate, sulfide, sodium chloride, calcium carbonate, phenol, ethyl alcohol, and lead nitrate, with specific absorption values and peak wavelengths recorded for different concentrations.